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<title>Hy (programming language)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hy (programming language)</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Hy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hy logo – Cuddles the <a href="Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Multi-paradigm_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm programming language">Multi-paradigm</a>: <a href="Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a>, <a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a>, <a href="Metaprogramming" title="Metaprogramming">meta</a>, <a href="Reflective_programming" title="Reflective programming">reflective</a>, <a href="Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Paul Tagliamonte</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developers</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser">Core team</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">2013<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.1.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-97a7f3cbb5f88ae6337adde1758a479fb1af9cf0-v20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-97a7f3cbb5f88ae6337adde1758a479fb1af9cf0-v20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 

/ 8 May 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">8 May 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Scope</a></th><td class="infobox-data">lexical, optionally dynamic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a>-style</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.hy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hylang.org">hylang<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Kawa_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Kawa (Scheme implementation)">Kawa</a>, <a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>, <a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Hy</b> is a <a href="Dialect_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect (computing)">dialect</a> of the <a href="Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> designed to interact with <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> by translating <a href="S-expression" title="S-expression">s-expressions</a> into Python's <a href="Abstract_syntax_tree" title="Abstract syntax tree">abstract syntax tree</a> (AST).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy was introduced at <a href="Python_Conference" title="Python Conference">Python Conference</a> (PyCon) 2013 by Paul Tagliamonte.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lisp allows operating on code as data (<a href="Metaprogramming" title="Metaprogramming">metaprogramming</a>), thus Hy can be used to write <a href="Domain-specific_language" title="Domain-specific language">domain-specific languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Similar to <a href="Kawa_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Kawa (Scheme implementation)">Kawa</a>'s and <a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>'s mappings onto the <a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> (JVM),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy is meant to operate as a transparent Lisp front-end for Python.<sup id="cite_ref-LWN_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allows Python <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a>, including the <a href="Standard_library" title="Standard library">standard library</a>, to be imported and accessed alongside Hy code with a <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiling</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> step where both languages are converted into Python's AST.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_code">Example code</h2></div>

<p>From the language documentation:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-hylang mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="nv">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hy!"</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="nv">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">defn </span><span class="nv">salutationsnm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hy "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"!"</span><span class="p">)))</span>

<span class="nv">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">salutationsnm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"YourName"</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="nv">Hy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">YourName!</span>

</pre></div>

<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>

<li><a href="Kawa_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Kawa (Scheme implementation)">Kawa (Scheme implementation)</a></li>

<li><a href="CLPython" title="CLPython">CLPython</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term "compiled" may apply to expressing Hy code in Python's AST or converting that AST into bytecode, the latter being dependent on the specific Python interpreter used and not Hy.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hy is tested on Python 2.7, 3.4 through 3.6, and <a href="PyPy" title="PyPy">PyPy</a>.</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/hylang/hy/releases/tag/1.1.0">"Release 1.1.0"</a>. 8 May 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJaworskiZiadé2019" class="citation book cs1">Jaworski, Michał; Ziadé, Tarek (2019). <i>Expert Python programming</i> (Third ed.). Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Publishing. p. 173. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-78980-677-9</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1125343555">1125343555</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDanjou2018" class="citation book cs1">Danjou, Julien (2018). <i>Serious Python: black-belt advice on deployment, scalability, testing, and more</i>. San Francisco, CA: No Starch Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">145–</span>149. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781593278793</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1057729260">1057729260</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTagliamonte2013" class="citation speech cs1">Tagliamonte, Paul (2 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.pault.ag/day/2013/04/02"><i>PyCon lightning talk</i></a> (Speech). <a href="Python_Conference" title="Python Conference">Python Conference</a> (PyCon). Santa Clara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTagliamonte2014" class="citation speech cs1">Tagliamonte, Paul (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.pycon.org/2014/schedule/presentation/192/"><i>Getting Hy on Python: How to implement a Lisp front-end to Python</i></a> (Speech). <a href="PyCon" class="mw-redirect" title="PyCon">PyCon</a>. Montreal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTurto2014" class="citation news cs1">Turto, Tuukka (14 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensourceforu.com/2014/02/programming-can-fun-hy/">"Programming Can Be Fun with Hy"</a>. <i><a href="Open_Source_For_You" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Source For You">Open Source For You</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2020" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Mark (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markwatson.com/opencontent/hy-lisp-python.pdf"><i>A Lisp Programmer Living in Python-Land: The Hy Programming Language</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. LeanBooks.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LWN-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LWN_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdge2014" class="citation web cs1">Edge, Jake (30 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/596626/">"Getting Hy on Python"</a>. <i><a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.hylang.org/en/stable/tutorial.html#hy-is-a-lisp-flavored-python">"Hy Documentation"</a>. <i>hylang.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDanjou2014" class="citation book cs1">Danjou, Julien (26 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B6nhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT171">"The AST"</a>. <i>The Hacker's Guide to Python</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">165–</span>172.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKitchin2016" class="citation web cs1">Kitchin, John (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kitchingroup.cheme.cmu.edu/blog/2016/03/31/More-on-Hy-and-why-I-think-it-is-a-big-deal/">"More on Hy and why I think it is a big deal"</a>. <i>The Kitchin Research Group</i>. <a href="Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.hylang.org/en/stable/quickstart.html">"Quickstart"</a>. <i>Hylang.org</i>. 15 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hylang.org">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/hylang/hy">hy</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.hylang.org">Documentation</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmMaN1AokTI">Video of 2014 PyCon talk</a></li></ul>

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</style><div class="navbar-header">Timeline of Lisp dialects<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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</style></div>

</caption>

<th width="7%">1958

</th>

<th width="7%">1960

</th>

<th width="7%">1965

</th>

<th width="7%">1970

</th>

<th width="7%">1975

</th>

<th width="7%">1980

</th>

<th width="7%">1985

</th>

<th width="7%">1990

</th>

<th width="7%">1995

</th>

<th width="7%">2000

</th>

<th width="7%">2005

</th>

<th width="7%">2010

</th>

<th width="8%">2015

</th>

<th width="8%">2020

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th align="left" colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"> LISP 1, 1.5, <a href="LISP_2" title="LISP 2">LISP 2<sup>(abandoned)</sup></a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Maclisp" title="Maclisp">Maclisp</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Interlisp" title="Interlisp">Interlisp</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Lisp_Machine_Lisp" title="Lisp Machine Lisp">Lisp Machine Lisp</a>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a>

</th>

<th align="left" colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"> R5RS

</th>

<th align="left" colspan="1" style="background:lightgray"> R6RS

</th>

<th align="left" colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"> R7RS small

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Z-machine#ZIL_(Zork_Implementation_Language)" title="Z-machine">ZIL (Zork Implementation Language)</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Franz_Lisp" title="Franz Lisp">Franz Lisp</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="6" style="background:lightgray"> muLisp

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a>

</th>

<th align="left" colspan="7" style="background:lightgray"> ANSI standard

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="11" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="MIT_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Scheme">MIT Scheme</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="XLISP" title="XLISP">XLISP</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Chez_Scheme" title="Chez Scheme">Chez Scheme</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">AutoLISP</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="PicoLisp" title="PicoLisp">PicoLisp</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Gambit_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Gambit (Scheme implementation)">Gambit</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="6" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="EuLisp" title="EuLisp">EuLisp</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="ISLISP" title="ISLISP">ISLISP</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="OpenLisp" title="OpenLisp">OpenLisp</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="PLT_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="PLT Scheme">PLT Scheme</a>

</th>

<th align="left" colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Racket_(programming_language)" title="Racket (programming language)">Racket</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="7" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="NewLISP" title="NewLISP">newLISP</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="7" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="GNU_Guile" title="GNU Guile">GNU Guile</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">Visual LISP</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<th align="left" colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"> <a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</th></tr>

</tbody></table>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lisp_programming880" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lisp_programming880" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp programming</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">Automatic storage management</a></li>

<li><a href="Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">Conditionals</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">Dynamic typing</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher-order_function" title="Higher-order function">Higher-order functions</a></li>

<li><a href="Linked_list" title="Linked list">Linked lists</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">Macros</a></li>

<li><a href="M-expression" title="M-expression">M-expressions</a> (deprecated)</li>

<li><a href="Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop" title="Read–eval–print loop">Read–eval–print loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">Recursion</a></li>

<li><a href="S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-hosting_(compilers)" title="Self-hosting (compilers)">Self-hosting</a> <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Tree_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree data structure">Tree data structures</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp_Object_System" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS)</li>

<li><a href="CommonLoops" title="CommonLoops">CommonLoops</a></li>

<li><a href="Flavors_(programming_language)" title="Flavors (programming language)">Flavors</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standardized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common<br>Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">Allegro Common Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Armed_Bear_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Bear Common Lisp">Armed Bear Common Lisp</a> (ABCL)</li>

<li><a href="CLISP" title="CLISP">CLISP</a></li>

<li><a href="Clozure_CL" title="Clozure CL">Clozure CL</a></li>

<li><a href="CMU_Common_Lisp" title="CMU Common Lisp">CMU Common Lisp</a> (CMUCL)</li>

<li><a href="Corman_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Corman Common Lisp">Corman Common Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Embeddable_Common_Lisp" title="Embeddable Common Lisp">Embeddable Common Lisp</a> (ECL)</li>

<li><a href="GNU_Common_Lisp" title="GNU Common Lisp">GNU Common Lisp</a> (GCL)</li>

<li><a href="LispWorks" title="LispWorks">LispWorks</a></li>

<li><a href="Macintosh_Common_Lisp" title="Macintosh Common Lisp">Macintosh Common Lisp</a></li>

<li>Movitz</li>

<li><a href="Poplog" title="Poplog">Poplog</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_Bank_Common_Lisp" title="Steel Bank Common Lisp">Steel Bank Common Lisp</a> (SBCL)</li>

<li><a href="Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Symbolics Common Lisp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="History_of_the_Scheme_programming_language" title="History of the Scheme programming language">History</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Bigloo" title="Bigloo">Bigloo</a></li>

<li><a href="Chez_Scheme" title="Chez Scheme">Chez Scheme</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicken_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Chicken (Scheme implementation)">Chicken</a></li>

<li><a href="Gambit_(scheme_implementation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambit (scheme implementation)">Gambit</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Oriented_Assembly_Lisp" title="Game Oriented Assembly Lisp">Game Oriented Assembly Lisp</a> (GOAL)</li>

<li><a href="GNU_Guile" title="GNU Guile">GNU Guile</a></li>

<li><a href="Ikarus_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Ikarus (Scheme implementation)">Ikarus</a></li>

<li><a href="JScheme" title="JScheme">JScheme</a></li>

<li><a href="MIT/GNU_Scheme" title="MIT/GNU Scheme">MIT/GNU Scheme</a></li>

<li><a href="MultiLisp" title="MultiLisp">MultiLisp</a></li>

<li>Pocket Scheme</li>

<li><a href="Racket_(programming_language)" title="Racket (programming language)">Racket</a> (<a href="Racket_features" title="Racket features">features</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Scheme_48" title="Scheme 48">Scheme 48</a></li>

<li><a href="TinyScheme" title="TinyScheme">TinyScheme</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="ISLISP" title="ISLISP">ISLISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="OpenLisp" title="OpenLisp">OpenLisp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unstandardized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MSWLogo" title="MSWLogo">MSWLogo</a></li>

<li><a href="NetLogo" title="NetLogo">NetLogo</a></li>

<li><a href="StarLogo" title="StarLogo">StarLogo</a></li>

<li><a href="UCBLogo" title="UCBLogo">UCBLogo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="POP-11" title="POP-11">POP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COWSEL" title="COWSEL">COWSEL</a> (POP-1)</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<li><a href="AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">AutoLISP</a></li>

<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>

<li><a href="Dylan_(programming_language)" title="Dylan (programming language)">Dylan</a> (<a href="Apple_Dylan" title="Apple Dylan">Apple</a>, <i><a href="History_of_the_Dylan_programming_language" title="History of the Dylan programming language">history</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="EuLisp" title="EuLisp">EuLisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Lisp" title="Franz Lisp">Franz Lisp</a>, <a href="PC-LISP" title="PC-LISP">PC-LISP</a></li>

<li><a href="Interlisp" title="Interlisp">Interlisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_Engineering_Environment" title="Knowledge Engineering Environment">Knowledge Engineering Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="LeLisp" class="mw-redirect" title="LeLisp">LeLisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Lisp_Machine_Lisp" title="Lisp Machine Lisp">Lisp Machine Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Lispkit_Lisp" title="Lispkit Lisp">Lispkit Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Maclisp" title="Maclisp">Maclisp</a></li>

<li><a href="MLisp" title="MLisp">MLisp</a></li>

<li><a href="NewLISP" title="NewLISP">newLISP</a></li>

<li><a href="Picolisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Picolisp">Picolisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_Standard_Lisp" title="Portable Standard Lisp">Portable Standard Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Cadence_SKILL" title="Cadence SKILL">SKILL</a></li>

<li><a href="Spice_Lisp" title="Spice Lisp">Spice Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Zetalisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Zetalisp">Zetalisp</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Common_Lisp_Interface_Manager" title="Common Lisp Interface Manager">Common Lisp Interface Manager</a>, <a href="McCLIM" title="McCLIM">McCLIM</a></li>

<li><a href="Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Genera</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lisp_machine" title="Lisp machine">Lisp machine</a>

<ul><li><a href="TI_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Explorer">TI Explorer</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Space-cadet_keyboard" title="Space-cadet keyboard">Space-cadet keyboard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community<br>of practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Scheme_Requests_for_Implementation" title="Scheme Requests for Implementation">Scheme Requests for Implementation</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_Lisp_HyperSpec" title="Common Lisp HyperSpec">Common Lisp HyperSpec</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_Lisp_the_Language" title="Common Lisp the Language">Common Lisp the Language</a></li>

<li><a href="How_to_Design_Programs" title="How to Design Programs">How to Design Programs</a> (HTDP)</li>

<li><a href="Practical_Common_Lisp" title="Practical Common Lisp">Practical Common Lisp</a></li>

<li><a href="Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs" title="Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs">Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs</a> (SICP)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Curriculum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ProgramByDesign" title="ProgramByDesign">ProgramByDesign</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">Bolt, Beranek and Newman</a></li>

<li><a href="Harlequin_(software_company)" title="Harlequin (software company)">Harlequin</a></li>

<li><a href="Lucid_Inc." title="Lucid Inc.">Lucid Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbolics" title="Symbolics">Symbolics</a></li>

<li><a href="Xanalys" title="Xanalys">Xanalys</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT)</li>

<li><a href="MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> (CSAIL)</li>

<li><a href="Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes#Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="Stanford University centers and institutes">Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a></li>

<li><a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Edmund_Berkeley" title="Edmund Berkeley">Edmund Berkeley</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_G._Bobrow" title="Daniel G. Bobrow">Daniel G. Bobrow</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Clinger_(computer_scientist)" title="William Clinger (computer scientist)">William Clinger</a></li>

<li><a href="R._Kent_Dybvig" title="R. Kent Dybvig">R. Kent Dybvig</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Bruce_Findler" title="Robert Bruce Findler">Robert Bruce Findler</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Flatt" title="Matthew Flatt">Matthew Flatt</a></li>

<li><a href="Phyllis_Fox" title="Phyllis Fox">Phyllis Fox</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Graham_(programmer)" title="Paul Graham (programmer)">Paul Graham</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Greenblatt_(programmer)" title="Richard Greenblatt (programmer)">Richard Greenblatt</a></li>

<li>Timothy P. Hart</li>

<li><a href="Louis_Hodes" title="Louis Hodes">Louis Hodes</a></li>

<li>Mike Levin</li>

<li><a href="David_Luckham" title="David Luckham">David Luckham</a></li>

<li><a href="John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Tappan_Morris" title="Robert Tappan Morris">Robert Tappan Morris</a></li>

<li><a href="Joel_Moses" title="Joel Moses">Joel Moses</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Park_(computer_scientist)" title="David Park (computer scientist)">David Park</a></li>

<li><a href="Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)" title="Steve Russell (computer scientist)">Steve Russell</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Scott_Fahlman" title="Scott Fahlman">Scott Fahlman</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_P._Gabriel" title="Richard P. Gabriel">Richard P. Gabriel</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Greenspun" title="Philip Greenspun">Philip Greenspun</a> (<a href="Greenspun's_tenth_rule" title="Greenspun's tenth rule">10th rule</a>)</li>

<li><a href="David_A._Moon" title="David A. Moon">David A. Moon</a></li>

<li><a href="Kent_Pitman" title="Kent Pitman">Kent Pitman</a></li>

<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Weinreb" title="Daniel Weinreb">Daniel Weinreb</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li>

<li><a href="Shriram_Krishnamurthi" title="Shriram Krishnamurthi">Shriram Krishnamurthi</a></li>

<li><a href="Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerald_Jay_Sussman" title="Gerald Jay Sussman">Gerald Jay Sussman</a></li>

<li><a href="Julie_Sussman" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Sussman">Julie Sussman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li>

<li><a href="Denison_Bollay" title="Denison Bollay">Denison Bollay</a></li>

<li><a href="Wally_Feurzeig" title="Wally Feurzeig">Wally Feurzeig</a></li>

<li><a href="Brian_Harvey_(lecturer)" title="Brian Harvey (lecturer)">Brian Harvey</a></li>

<li><a href="Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert">Seymour Papert</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitchel_Resnick" title="Mitchel Resnick">Mitchel Resnick</a></li>

<li><a href="Cynthia_Solomon" title="Cynthia Solomon">Cynthia Solomon</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Rod_Burstall" title="Rod Burstall">Rod Burstall</a></li>

<li><a href="Robin_Popplestone" title="Robin Popplestone">Robin Popplestone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b><a href="List_of_Lisp-family_programming_languages" title="List of Lisp-family programming languages">List</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Lisp_programming_language" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Subject:Lisp programming language">Books</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lisp_(programming_language)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Lisp (programming language)">Commons</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Hy_(programming_language)&oldid=1300985801">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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